OWASP Top 10 2025 Training Course

A01:2025 - Broken Access Control
A02:2025 - Security Misconfiguration
A03:2025 - Software Supply Chain Failures
A04:2025 - Cryptographic Failures
A05:2025 - Injection
A06:2025 - Insecure Design
A07:2025 - Authentication Failures
A08:2025 - Software or Data Integrity Failures
A09:2025 - Security Logging and Alerting Failures
A10:2025 - Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions

A01:2025 Broken Access Control - Access controls enforce policies to ensure users cannot act beyond their intended permissions. Failures in this area typically result in unauthorized disclosure, modification, or destruction of data, or the execution of business functions outside of user limits.

A02:2025 Security Misconfiguration - Security misconfigurations occur when systems, applications, or cloud services are improperly set up from a security standpoint, thereby creating vulnerabilities.

A03:2025 Software Supply Chain Failures - These failures involve compromises or breakdowns in the software build, distribution, or update processes. They are frequently caused by vulnerabilities or malicious modifications in third-party code, tools, or other dependencies relied upon by the system.

A04:2025 Cryptographic Failures - Generally, all data in transit should be encrypted at the transport layer (OSI layer 4). Previous challenges, such as CPU performance and private key/certificate management, are now mitigated by CPUs with instructions that accelerate encryption (e.g., AES support) and simplified management via services like LetsEncrypt.org, with major cloud vendors offering even more integrated certificate management for their platforms. Beyond securing transport, it is crucial to identify data requiring encryption at rest and additional encryption in transit (application layer, OSI layer 7). Sensitive data, such as passwords, credit card numbers, health records, personal information, and business secrets, demands extra protection, particularly when subject to privacy laws like the EU's General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) or regulations such as the PCI Data Security Standard (PCI DSS).

A05:2025 Injection - An injection vulnerability is a flaw that permits attackers to insert malicious code or commands (such as SQL or shell code) into input fields, deceiving the system into executing them as if they were legitimate system instructions. This can lead to severe consequences.

A06:2025 Insecure Design - Insecure design is a broad category encompassing various weaknesses, characterized as "missing or ineffective control design." It is not the root cause of all other Top Ten risk categories. Note the distinction between insecure design and insecure implementation. We differentiate between design flaws and implementation defects because they have distinct root causes, occur at different stages of the development process, and require different remediation strategies. A secure design may still suffer from implementation defects that create exploitable vulnerabilities. Conversely, an insecure design cannot be remedied by a perfect implementation, as the necessary security controls to defend against specific attacks were never established. A contributing factor to insecure design is the lack of business risk profiling for the software or system being developed, leading to an inability to determine the required level of security design.

A07:2025 Authentication Failures - This vulnerability exists when an attacker successfully tricks a system into recognizing an invalid or incorrect user as legitimate.

A08:2025 Software or Data Integrity Failures - These failures relate to code and infrastructure that fail to prevent invalid or untrusted code or data from being treated as trusted and valid. An example is when an application relies on plugins, libraries, or modules from untrusted sources, repositories, and content delivery networks (CDNs). An insecure CI/CD pipeline that lacks software integrity checks can introduce risks of unauthorized access, insecure or malicious code, or system compromise. Another example is a CI/CD process that pulls code or artifacts from untrusted locations and/or fails to verify them before use (via signature checks or similar mechanisms).

A09:2025 Security Logging & Alerting Failures - Without logging and monitoring, attacks and breaches remain undetectable, and without alerting, rapid and effective response during security incidents is hindered. Insufficient logging, continuous monitoring, detection, and alerting necessary for active responses is a constant risk.

A10:2025 Mishandling of Exceptional Conditions - Mishandling exceptional conditions in software occurs when programs fail to prevent, detect, and respond to unusual or unpredictable situations, resulting in crashes, unexpected behavior, and potential vulnerabilities. This may involve one or more of the following shortcomings: the application does not prevent the unusual situation, it fails to identify the situation as it occurs, and/or it responds inadequately or not at all after the event.

We will discuss and present practical aspects of:

Broken Access Control
- Practical examples of broken access controls
- Secure access controls and best practices

Security Misconfiguration
- Real-world examples of misconfigurations
- Steps to prevent misconfiguration, including configuration management and automation tools

Cryptographic Failures
- Detailed analysis of cryptographic failures such as weak encryption algorithms or improper key management
- Importance of strong cryptographic mechanisms, secure protocols (SSL/TLS), and examples of modern cryptography in web security

Injection Attacks
- Detailed breakdown of SQL, NoSQL, OS, and LDAP injection
- Mitigation techniques using prepared statements, parameterized queries, and escaping inputs

Insecure Design
- We'll explore design flaws that can lead to vulnerabilities, like improper input validation
- We'll study strategies for secure architecture and secure design principles

Authentication Failures
- Common authentication issues
- Secure authentication strategies, like multi-factor authentication and proper session handling

Software and Data Integrity Failures
- Focus on issues like untrusted software updates and data tampering
- Safe update mechanisms and data integrity checks

Security Logging and Monitoring Failures
- Importance of logging security-relevant information and monitoring for suspicious activities
- Tools and practices for proper logging and real-time monitoring to detect breaches early